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A gram-negative bacterium with peritrichous flagella isolated from internally discolored rhizomes of Japanese horseradish, Eutremu wusubi Maxim. (Japanese common name, wasabi), was compared with other soft rot Erwiniu spp. The wasabi bacterium induced soft rot on slices of various vegetables, such as wasabi rhizomes, potato tubers, and carrot and radish roots, on midribs of Chinese cabbage and intact wasabi, and on tomato and tobacco plants, but not on rice, corn, or chrysanthemum. Although this bacterium was more similar to Erwiniu curotovoru than to Erwiniu chrysunthemi in physiological and biochemical properties, it differed from E. curotovora subsp. curotovoru, E. curotovoru subsp. utrosepticu, and E. curotovoru subsp. betavusculorum in being negative in the o-nitrophenyl-P-D-galactopyranoside test, curd formation and peptonization of litmus milk, growth in yeast extract-peptone broth containing 0.075% KCN or 5% NaCl, growth at 36"C, and fermentation of lactose, raffinose, and melibiose. This bacterium also differed in having a 24-h lag in galactose fermentation, rapid fermentation of trehalose, and different serological properties. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of deoxyribonucleic acid was 51.4 to 51.7 mol% . Such significant differences warranted the designation of the wasabi bacterium as a new subspecies of E. curotovoru, and the name Erwinia curotovoru subsp. wasubiae subsp. nov. is proposed. Strain SR91 (=ATCC 43316, and PDDCC 9121) is designated the type strain. Japanese horseradish, Eutrema wasabi Maxim. (Japanese common name, wasabi), is a perennial spice crop which is cultivated on gravel beds laid in mountain streams at alti- tudes of about 200 to 800 m above sea level, where temper- atures of flowing water range from 10 to 18°C during the year. Bacterial soft rot and black leg disease caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Phoma wasabiae, respectively, are the major diseases of the crop. Epidemics of soft rot often occur when the temperature of irrigation water exceeds 20"C, because of the decline in water flow during prolonged dry weather conditions, or when gravel beds are muddied by flooding from heavy rains (20) * We previously reported that bacteria associated with the internal black discoloration of wasabi rhizomes included E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, a nonpigmented strain of Erwinia rhapontici, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Pseudomonas marginalis, an unidentified pseudomonad, and a new bacte- rium belonging to the genus Erwinia (6). These bacteria inhabited the tissues of rhizomes and fibrous roots indepen- dently or in a complex without inducing soft rot symptoms as long as the irrigation water temperature was maintained below 18°C. Although the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the new soft rot bacterium were similar to those of E. carotovora subspecies, the bacterium differed from its three subspecies in several respects. This warranted the designation of the wasabi bacterium as a new subspecies of E. carotovora. This paper presents the results of a taxonomic study of the previously undescribed soft rot bacterium isolated from wasabi plants.

Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae subsp. nov. Isolated from Diseased Rhizomes and Fibrous Roots of Japanese Horseradish (Eutrema wasabi Maxim.)