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The etiological agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (synonym, Potomac horse fever) was isolated and propagated in vitro by using techniques similar to those established for some members of the genus Ehrlichia. The organisms, which are contained within a cytoplasmic vacuole, are intermediate in size between Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia sennetsu, ranging from 0.4 to 0.75 pm wide and from 0.5 to 1.5 pm long. The agent is antigenically related to E. sennetsu and E. canis but also possesses unique antigenic determinants, thereby distinguishing it as a new species of the genus Ehrlichia. The name Ehrlichia risticii is proposed for this new agent. The type strain is strain HRC-IL (= ATCC VR-986). Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME; synonym, Potomac horse fever) is a relatively recently recognized disease of horses. Since the first major outbreak in 1979 within a narrow zone adjacent to the Potomac River in Montgomery County, Md., the geographical distribution and incidence of this disease have increased, with confirmed cases reported in other regions of Maryland, as well as in Virginia, Pennsyl- vania, New Jersey, and, most recently, Idaho (3; J. E. Palmer, personal communication). Numerous clinically di- agnosed but serologically unconfirmed cases have also been ireported in many other states and abroad (3). Clinical symptoms associated with EME vary markedly and may include any or all of the following: fever, depres- sion, anorexia, leukopenia, distal edema of the limbs, Ilaminitis, colic, and mild to severe diarrhea. The mortality irate is more than 30% in confirmed cases. Preliminary experimental studies have determined that horses which have recovered from the disease are refractory to subse- quent infection for an undetermined length of time, although irelapse of the disease has been observed (J. E. Palmer, Am.

Ehrlichia risticii sp. nov.: Etiological Agent of Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (Synonym, Potomac Horse Fever)