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Bucteroides oulorum, a new nonpigmented, saccharolytic species from oral cavities, is described. This species differs both biochemically and chemically from related taxa, such as Bacteroides oralis, Bacteroides buccalis, Bacteroides denticola, Bacteroides veroralis, and Bacteroides pentosaceus. The major fermentation products in glucose broth are acetate and succinate. In common with other members of the genus Bucteroides, all strains contain malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, but they differ from some species, such as Bacteroides frugilis, in lacking glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The long-chain fatty acids are predominantly of the straight-chain saturated, iso- and anteiso-methyl branched types, with 12-methyltetradecanoic acid constituting the major acid. Strains of B. oulorum can be clearly distinguished from other oral Bacteroides species by the presence of major amounts of unsaturated menaquinones with 10 isoprene units. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of B. oulorum is 45 to 46 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The type strain is WPH 179 (= NCTC 11871). Until recently, the taxonomy of nonpigmented saccharo- lytic oral Bacteroides has been unsatisfactory (5, 6, 19, 24). Chemotaxonomic techniques, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition, DNA-DNA homology, enzymatic, and lipid analyses, have confirmed the heterogeneity of this large group of organisms and have led to the recognition of several new species, including Bacteroides buccae, Bac- teroides oris (8), Bacteroides buccalis, Bacteroides denti- cola, Bacteroides pentosaceus (191, Bacteroides capillus (ll), and Bacteroides veroralis (24). In the course of a systematic study of nonpigmented, saccharolytic Bacte- roides strains from gingival plaque, three isolates were found to be phenotypically distinct from Bacteroides oralis and related species (Shah, Mitsuoka, Watabe, and Collins. Abstr. Br. SOC. Dent. Res. 1984, abstr. no. 237). In this paper we describe the results of a comparative biochemical and chem- ical study of these isolates and other oral Bacteroides species. Our results indicate that the three strains studied are members of the genus Bacteroides since they are gram- negative, obligately anaerobic, nonsporeforming rod-shaped organisms which produce major amounts of acetic and succinic acids as the end products of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, on the basis of biochemical, chemical, and genetic data these three strains represent a distinct species, for which the name Bacteroides oulorum sp. nov. is proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains. The test strains are listed in Table 1. B. oulorum WPH 179T (T = type strain) was isolated from subgingival plaque by W. P. Holbrook, and strains RS14 and RS20 were isolated from the gingival crevices of two individuals (Lon- don Hospital, London, United Kingdom). Physiological reactions and acid end product analysis. All strains were grown and maintained by weekly subculture on modified Eggerth-Gagnon agar (14), horse blood agar plates, or BM medium, as described previously (23). Physiological

Bacteroides oulorum sp. nov., a Nonpigmented Saccharolytic Species from the Oral Cavity