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The taxonomy of the genus Gluconobucter has undergone many changes during the past 40 years. Based on phenotypic properties, this genus has changed from numerous species to one species containing five subspecies and then to a single species, Gluconobucter oxyduns, with no subspecies. The present study was designed to test the validity of this latter view. Nucleotide sequence similarites were determined for 54 strains of Gluconobucter by using an S1 nuclease procedure. Three distinct deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups were obtained. The average level of relatedness among these groups was 16%. Homology group I contained 32 strains and included the type strain of G. oxyduns and the type strains of all previously recognized subspecies. Homology group I1 contained 12 strains that had an intragroup homology level of 44 to 87% (average, 65%) with reference strain IF0 3264. Homology group 111 contained six strains with an average intragroup homology level of 86% with reference strain IF0 3276a. Reference strains IF0 3264 and IF0 3276 were previously recognized as G. oxyduns. The remaining four strains of Gluconobucter had from 0 to 23% homology with reference strains used to delineate the three homology groups. Although these data show that the genus Gluconobucter is composed of at least three species, they also support elimination of the previously designated subspecies. Three isolates implicated in pink disease of pineapples were shown either not to be gluconobacters or to be mixed with gluconobacters. The occurrence of colony variants within many of the Gluconobucter strains is described, and the significance of this observation is discussed. The genus Gluconobacter is composed of strictly aerobic, gram-negative rods that (i) have the ability to oxidize a wide variety of polyols (17, 25), (ii) lack a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle (21), and (iii) grow at low pH (12). Although these unique features aid in the separation of gluconobacters from other bacteria, the subgeneric taxonomy of this genus has not been clearly established.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies Among Organisms in the Genus Gluconobacter