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The Cryptococcus vishniacii complex (H. S. Vishniac and W. P. Hempfling, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 29:153–158, 1979) consists of seven species possessing less than 52% deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology: Cryptococcus lupi, C. vishniacii, and five new species. Cryptococcus vishniacii Vishniac and Hempfling emend. auct. (additional characters include assimilation of l-aspartate, l-glutamate, 2-ketogluconate, and succinate) includes C. vishniacii var. vishniacii var. nov. (MYSW 304Y268 = ATCC 36649) assimilating (besides substrates common to the species) l-arabinose, citrate, l-proline (weakly), sucrose, raffinose, and l-rhamnose (weakly); C. vishniacii var. wolfii var. nov. (MYSW 303Y216 = ATCC 46404), differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating fumarate and l-malate but not l-arabinose, citrate, sucrose, and raffinose; C. vishniacii var. asocialis var. nov. (MYSW 302Y312 = ATCC 46402), differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating fumarate and l-malate but not l-arabinose or citrate; and C. vishniacii var. vladimiri var. nov. (MYSW 302Y265 = ATCC 46403) differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating cellobiose, methyl-α-d-glucoside, and salicin but not l-proline or l-rhamnose. Cryptococcus asgardensis sp. nov. (MYSW 302Y310 = ATCC 46399) differs from C. vishniacii in being suppressed by 0.05 μg of cycloheximide ml−1 and differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3−-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, cellobiose, melezitose, and l-rhamnose but not d-galactose, myo-inositol, or d-mannitol. Cryptococcus baldrensis sp. nov. (MYSW 302Y259 = ATCC 46400) differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3−-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, cellobiose, 2-ketogluconate, and melezitose but not d-mannitol or succinate. Cryptococcus hempflingii sp. nov. (MYSW 306Y212 = ATCC 46401) differs from all other described yeasts in that it utilizes NO3−-N and assimilates melezitose and d-xylose but not d-mannitol, salicin, or succinate. Cryptococcus tyrolensis sp. nov. (MYSW 303Y336 = ATCC 46405) differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3−-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, melezitose, salicin, and d-xylose but not cellobiose or d-mannitol. Cryptococcus wrightensis sp. nov. (MYSW 303Y206 = ATCC 46406) differs from all other described yeasts (except C. vishniacii) in producing cream colonies and in utilizing NO3−-N and assimilating cellobiose, citrate, and melezitose but not l-arabinose, glycerol, or d-mannitol. C. wrightensis is phenotypically most similar to C. vishniacii var. vladimiri, differing from it by assimilating fumarate (weakly) and l-malate but not l-arabinose. Keys for yeast identification should include varietal listings.

international journal of systematic bacteriology

Five New Basidioblastomycetous Yeast Species Segregated from Cryptococcus vishniacii emend. auct., an Antarctic Yeast Species Comprising Four New Varieties