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The morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of nine bacterial strains isolated from a solar salt facility located on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles are described. The bacteria were gram-negative rods which produce white, opaque colonies on solid media. During the log phase of growth, the cultures consisted of single and paired cells with polar flagella predominating. Older cultures characteristically produced highly elongated, flexible rods. All of these strains reduced NO3 to NO2, grew anaerobically in the presence of NO3, and fermented glucose but oxidized sucrose, glycerol, mannose, and cellobiose. All strains were ornithine and lysine decarboxylase positive, catalase positive, and cytochrome oxidase negative. Eight of the nine strains grew in a complex Casamino Acids liquid medium containing from 0 to 32% (wt/vol) solar salt at temperatures from 23 to 37°C; the ninth strain was restricted in its growth to 0 to 20% solar salt. The guanine plus cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 61 ± 1 mol%. This combination of morphology, salt tolerance, and guanine plus cytosine content supports the establishment of a new genus, Halomonas, in Family II (Vibrionaceae) of part 8, Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria, of Bergey's Manual (8th edition). The type species of this genus is H. elongata, the type strain of which is isolate 1H9 (= ATCC 33173). Strain 1H15 is regarded as belonging to a biovar of H. elongata on the basis of its production of lophotrichous cells and its inability to grow at 37°c in the presence of 32% solar salt.

Halomonas elongata, a New Genus and Species of Extremely Salt-Tolerant Bacteria