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When polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profdes of soluble proteins of seven Arthrobacter strains were compared with those of seven coryneform and cory- neform-like species, the arthrobacters were delineated from the latter species. Comparisons were made from a composite gel by calculating similarity coeffi- cients. When Arthrobacter globifomis was used as a reference, similarity coeffi- cients for the other Arthrobacter species ranged from 20.7 to 34.5, but the similarity coefficients for the other genera tested were only 7.9 to 18.5. In addition to a separation of arthrobacters from other corynefonns by this method, Arthro- bacter crystallopoites and Arthrobacterpyridinolis had a similarity coefficient of approximately 95, which set these two apart from the other Arthrobacter species studied and furthermore suggested that they represent one species. Gel electro- phoresis of soluble proteins may provide a good alternative to the use of rod to coccoid transition for identifying arthrobacters since it is faster and simpler to perform than chemical analyses of cell wall components. Arthrobacters are aerobic, nonsporefonning, gram-positive bacteria which change morphol- ogy during growth from pleomorphic rods when young to coccoids as they age. Because the genus description is based on this morphological cycle (3), there is confusion about the taxonomy of Arthrobacter and related genera, some of which exhibit less pronounced life cycles. The genus Arthrobacter is included in the coryneform group, which includes three other genera accord- ing to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bac- terwlogy, 8th ed. (2), namely Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, and Kurthia. Some authors include the genera Brevibacterium and Micro- bacterium (lo), whereas cell wall composition studies link Nocardia and Mycobacterium with the corynefonns (4). A morphological cycle of development has been observed in representa- tives of all coryneform genera. The observations range from strains which undergo complete cy- cles to those in which some cells show a shorten- ing with age. The variability even occurs within species, depending on culture conditions and media. Thus, identification of arthrobacters solely on the basis of morphological life cycles has limitations. Although serological methods have been use- ful €or taxonomy and rapid identification in a number of bacterial families, very little work has been done on arthrobacters (4-6), probably due to the poor antigenicity of members of this ge- nus. Yamada and Komagata (13) designed a key

Application of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis to the Characterization and Identification of Arthrobacter Species