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Twelve treponemes with serpentine morphology were isolated from pigs and dogs and were compared with strain B78, the type strain of Treponema hyodys- enteriae Harris et al. Nine of the 12 were isolated from cases of swine dysentery, and these were similar in characteristics to strain B78. The three other isolates were not enteropathogenic for swine and could be differentiated from the afore- mentioned nine isolates on the basis of enteropathogenicity, hemolytic pattern, deoxyribonucleic acid homology, fructose fermentation, and indole production. The morphological and metabolic characters of the 12 isolates and an emended description of strain B78, the type strain of T. hyodysenteriae, are presented in this report. Based on these data, the nonpathogenic types are regarded as belonging to a new species, Treponema innocens. The type strain of T. innocens is strain B256 (=ATCC 29796). In 1971 Taylor and Alexander (20) isolated two types of treponemes from the colons of pigs with swine dysentery (SD). Isolate A-1 of the fmt type caused signs and lesions typical of SD when inoculated orally into susceptible pigs. Iso- late A- 1 produced complete hemolysis on equine blood agar plates and was resistant to tylosin and erythromycin. The isolation of "beta"-he- molytic treponemes in cases of SD was subse- quently confirmed (1, 5, 6). Strain B78 was fur- ther characterized and was regarded as a mem- ber of a new species, Treponema hyodysenter- iae, by Harris et al. (5), who described this organism as follows: weakly gram-negative, loosely coiled, serpentine cells 0.32 to 0.38 pm in diameter and 6.0 to 8.5 pm long; motile by means of seven to nine axial flagella; hemolytic; anaer- obic metabolism; oxidase negative, catalase neg- ative; produced minor amounts of acetic acid from glucose. Taylor and Alexander's (20) second type of treponemal isolate, designated isolate 4/71, was morphologically identical to isolate A-1 and was present in their source of pigs, which were free of SD. Furthermore, susceptible pigs inoculated with isolate 4/71 remained clinically normal. Isolate 4/71 could be differentiated from isolate A-1 by its "less hemolytic" pattern on blood agar and its susceptibility to tylosin and erythromy- cin. Recently, the presence of these nonpatho- genic types of 2'. hyodysenteriae has been re- ported in 20 to 40% of clinically normal swine from eight midwestern U.S. herds (13) and in normal and diarrheic dogs (12, 13). Turek and Meyer observed and cultured a

Treponema innocens, a New Species of Intestinal Bacteria, and Emended Description of the Type Strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae Harris et al.