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The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relationships among strains of the thermo- philic species Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, C. thermosaccharolyticum, and C. tartarivorum, other saccharolytic, proteolytic, and acetate-producing clostridia, and some sulfate-reducing bacteria were studied by DNA-DNA hy- bridization experiments. Strains of the species C. thermohydrosulfuricum were found to constitute a genotypically homogeneous group clearly unrelated to the strains of the species C. thermosaccharolyticum and other competitor strains used. Strains of the species C. tartarivorum showed a high level of homology with the reference strain C. thermosaccharolyticum ATCC 7956.The guanine- plus-cytosine contents of the acetate-forming clostridia C. formicoaceticum and C. thermoaceticum were 34.0 and 54.0 mol%, respectively. Since the first description of Clostridium ther- mosaccharolyticum (8), some other thermo- philic saccharolytic clostridia have been de- scribed. Mercer and Vaughn (12) found tartrate- fermenting clostridia in different sources and defined the species C. tartariuorum. From ex- traction juices of beet sugar factories Klaushofer and Parkkinen (7) isolated a clostridium which they called C. thermohydrosulfuricum because of its high temperature limits for growth (up to 75°C) and the striking capacity to produce large amounts of H2S by reduction of sulfite. A com- parison of strains of the three above-mentioned Clostridium species, which in addition to the study of biochemical and cultural features also included the fine structure of the cell wall sur- face, led to an expanded description of the spe- cies C. thermohydrosulfuricum (4,13). The only difference that was found between C. thermo- saccharolyticum and C. tartarivorum was the utilization of tartrate by the latter. On the con- trary, C. thermohydrosulfuricum differed from the two other species not only by a higher max- imum temperature growth limit of almost 10°C, but also by having hexagonal cell wall surface patterns, in contrast to the rectangular surface patterns of C. thermosaccharolyticum and C. tartarivorum. The present study was designed to investigate the taxonomic relationship between strains of C. thermohydrosulfuricum, C. tartarivorum, and C. thermosaccharolyticum by comparing the guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of their deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and the nucleo- tide sequence similarities of the DNA prepara- tions by DNA-DNA homology experiments. Reference strains of other saccharolytic, prote- olytic, and acetate-forming clostridia and some sulfate-reducing bacteria were also compared with these organisms.

Proposal of Neotype for Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum and the Merging of Clostridium tartarivorum with Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum