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A novel representative of the yeast genus Pichia has been recovered 190 times during the period 1971 to 1976. We regard this organism as belonging to a new species, Pichia cactophila. Strains were found in the necrotic tissue of 16 species of cactus and'in the crops of 3 species of Drosophila which utilize the cacti as host plants. Isolates were obtained from widely separate geographic localities (throughout Mexico, Southwestern United States, and Hawaii). The new species forms predominantly two-spored asci. Both homothallic and heterothallic strains were observed. The metabolic capability of P. cactophila, like that of P. mem- branaefaciens, is limited to oxidative utilization of only a few compounds. P. cactophila can be differentiated from P. membranaefaciens by its strong growth on D-glucosamine and by the lower guanine-plus-cytosine content (36.3 to 37.5 mol%) of its nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid. The type strain of P. cactophila is UCD-FST 76-243A (= ATCC 34932 = CBS 6926). During a recent survey of yeasts associated with necroses of cacti of the North American Sonoran Desert (4, 14), we consistently isolated yeasts that were identified (5) as Pichia mem- branaefaciens Hansen. Subsequently we ex- tended the range of our survey of the Sonoran Desert to include most of the peninsula of Baja California, Mexico. The resulting increase in the number of yeast isolates (ca. 500) added a large number of additional strains at fist considered to belong to P. membranaefaciens. However, slight but consistent differences in the assimila- tion pattern of carbohydrates, correlated with host-plant specificity and determinations of the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base com- positions of representative strains, revealed that the isolates represented several homogeneous groups distinct from P. membranaefaciens. The guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of the DNAs of the different groups were found to be 8 to 16 percentage points lower than that of P. mem branaefaciens. By the currently used iden- tification procedures, however, these groups were not sufficiently distinct from the standard description of P. membranaefaciens to be con- sidered separate species. Nevertheless, the intra- group homogeneity with respect to nuclear DNA base composition was suggestive of a new spe- cies. It was found that the new species, to be described in this paper, can be differentiated from P. membranaefaciens by its strong growth on D-glucosamine, which compound is not or is only weakly assimilated by the latter species.

Pichia cactophila, a New Species of Yeast Found in Decaying Tissue of Cacti