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A facultatively autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing spirillum was isolated from a small eutrophic lake in Switzerland. It is medium-sized (0.6 to 0.8 pm) and possesses bipolar tufts of flagella. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of its deoxy- ribonucleic acid is 60 to 62 molQ. Based upon its source, morphology, and biochemical features, the organism belongs to the genus Aquaspirillum Hylemon et al. 1973. Because this organism does not closely resemble any of the previously described medium-sized aquaspirilla, it is proposed here as belonging to a new species, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum. The specific epithet refers to the out- standing property of this organism to grow on hydrogen and carbon dioxide as energy and carbon sources, respectively. The type strain of A. autotrophicum, strain SA 32, was deposited with the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganisrnen under the number DSM 732. The facultatively chemolithoautotrophic, hy- drogen-oxidizing bacteria were, until recently, placed in the genus Hydrogenomonas Orla-Jen- sen 1909. The discovery of "hydrogen" bacteria that clearly belonged to other genera, such as Paracoccus (41, Nocardia (1, 6), Mycobacte- rium (10, 12), or Corynebacterium (2), empha- sized the taxonomic heterogeneity of this phys- iological group of organisms (14). Moreover, Davis et al. (3) showed that there were differ- ences in the flagellation of the species previously placed in the genus Hydrogenomonas. They proposed, therefore, to reject the genus Hydro- genomonas and to place the peritrichous orga- nisms in the genus Alcaligenes and the polarly flagellated species in the genus Pseudomonas. From the water of a eutrophic lake, we re- cently isolated two strains of a spirillum able to grow autotrophically in a mineral medium under an atmosphere of H2-02-CO2. This finding strongly confirmed the observation that the hy- drogen bacteria are taxonomically diverse. The present report is concerned with the characteri- zation and taxonomy of this spirillum.

Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, a New Species of Hydrogen-Oxidizing, Facultatively Autotrophic Bacteria