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Prior to the discovery of the striated character of voluntary muscle, about 1765, by Fontana, physiologists were unacquainted with any certain mark by which they could distinguish this variety of muscle from many other structures; and physiology being at that period in advance of anatomy, the question of the muscularity of many parts was obliged to be decided by their function instead of by their structure; but in the present state of minute anatomy, improved as it has been of late by the researches of microscopists, physiology and anatomy are made to move more in parallelism; this is especially the case with respect to the muscular system, so that if a muscle be made up of a bundle of fascicles of nearly equal size, and each one be marked transversely with parallel striæ, it is known to act either directly in obedience to the will, or to be capable of being called into operation through excito-inotory influence, whilst a muscle consisting merely of an aggregation of fibres more or less distinctly nucleated, is known to act independently of the will; hence muscles are now named according to their function, voluntary and involuntary; or according to their structure, striped and unstriped. In the class of striped muscles physiologists are agreed to place the voluntary muscles, the upper part of the human œsophagus, and the heart; in that of unstriped ones, the muscular coat of the intestinal canal, the bladder, the uterus and round ligaments. As it respects the parts included in the latter division of this classification, I am obliged to dissent altogether in reference to the structure of the round ligaments of the uterus, having found in every subject in which I have examined them (the number being about a dozen) well-marked muscular fibres of the striped variety, in fact that they correspond in all respects to regular voluntary muscles: with this conviction I am desirous to communicate the result of my observations to the Royal Society. I may also add, that I have in my possession numerous preparations, microscopic as well as ordinary dissections, in which the accuracy of the facts stated in this paper are easily demonstrable. The so-called round ligament of the uterus, regarded as a muscle, may be said to arise by three fasciculi of tendinous fibres; the inner one from the tendon of the internal oblique and transversalis near to the symphysis pubis, the middle one from the superior column of the external abdominal ring near to its upper part, and the external fasciculus from the inferior column of the ring just above Gimbernat’s liga­ment; from these attachments the fibres pass backwards and outwards, soon becoming fleshy; they then unite into a rounded cord, which crosses in front of the epigastric artery and behind the lower border of the internal oblique and transversalis muscles, from which it is separated by a thin fascia continuous with the fascia transversalis; it then gets between the layers of peritoneum forming the broad ligament of the uterus, along which it passes backwards, downwards, and inwards to the anterior and supe­rior part of the uterus, into which its fibres, after spreading out a little, may be said to be inserted.

philosophical transactions of the royal society of london

XXVI. On the structure and use of the ligamentum rotundum uteri, with some observations upon the change which takes place in the structure of the uterus during utero-gestation