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In the year 1780 Mr. John Hunter presented a paper to the Royal Society, in which he laid claim to the discovery of the true structure of the placenta and its communication with the vessels of the uterus. The following is the history of the appearances which he observed in the dissection of a woman who had died undelivered near the full term of utero-gestation, and from which appearances his conclusions were drawn respecting the natural structure of these parts. The veins and arteries of the uterus having been injected, an incision was made through the parietes, at the anterior part where the placenta adhered to the internal surface. Between the uterus and placenta lay an irregular mass of injected matter, and from this mass regular pieces of the wax passed obliquely between it and the uterus, which broke off, leaving part attached to that mass; and on attentively examining the portions towards the uterus, they plainly appeared to be a continuation of the veins passing from it to this substance, which proved to be the placenta. Other vessels, about the size of a crow-quill, were seen passing in the same manner, although not so obliquely. These also broke on separating the placenta and uterus, leaving a small portion on the surface of the placenta; and on examination they were discovered to be continuations of the arteries of the uterus. The veins were next traced into the substance of what appeared placenta; but these soon lost the regularity of vessels, by terminating at once upon the surface of the placenta, in a very fine spongy substance, the interstices of which were filled with yellow injected matter. He then examined the arteries; and tracing them in the same manner towards the placenta, found that, having made a twisted or close spiral turn upon themselves, they were lost on its surface. On cutting into the placenta, he discovered in many places of its substance yellow injection, and in others red, and in many others these two colours mixed. The substance of the placenta, now filled with injection, had nothing of the vascular appearance nor that of extravasation, hut had a regularity in its form which showed it to be naturally of a cellular structure, fitted to be a reservoir for blood.

III. On the structure of the human placenta, and its connexion with the uterus