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The spread of COVID-19 has been thwarted in most countries throughnon-pharmaceutical interventions. In particular, the most effective measures inthis direction have been the stay-at-home and closure strategies of businessesand schools. However, population-wide lockdowns are far from being optimalcarrying heavy economic consequences. Therefore, there is nowadays a stronginterest in designing more efficient restrictions. In this work, starting froma recent kinetic-type model which takes into account the heterogeneitydescribed by the social contact of individuals, we analyze the effects ofintroducing an optimal control strategy into the system, to limit selectivelythe mean number of contacts and reduce consequently the number of infectedcases. Thanks to a data-driven approach, we show that this new mathematicalmodel permits to assess the effects of the social limitations. Finally, usingthe model introduced here and starting from the available data, we show theeffectivity of the proposed selective measures to dampen the epidemic trends.

philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences/philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences

Optimal control of epidemic spreading in presence of social heterogeneity