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The farside of the Moon is a pristine, quiet platform to conduct low radiofrequency observations of the early Universe's Dark Ages, as well as spaceweather and magnetospheres associated with habitable exoplanets. In this paper,the astrophysics associated with NASA-funded concept studies will be describedincluding a lunar-orbiting spacecraft, DAPPER, that will measure the 21 cmglobal spectrum at redshifts 40-80, and an array of low frequency dipoles onthe lunar farside surface, FARSIDE, that would detect exoplanet magneticfields. DAPPER observations (17-38 MHz), using a single cross-dipole antenna,will measure the amplitude of the 21 cm spectrum to the level required todistinguish the standard {\Lambda}CDM cosmological model from those ofadditional cooling models possibly produced by exotic physics such as darkmatter interactions. FARSIDE has a notional architecture consisting of 128dipole antennas deployed across a 10 km area by a rover. FARSIDE would imagethe entire sky each minute in 1400 channels over 0.1-40 MHz. This would enablemonitoring of the nearest stellar systems for the radio signatures of coronalmass ejections and energetic particle events, and would also detect themagnetospheres of the nearest candidate habitable exoplanets. In addition,FARSIDE would determine the Dark Ages global 21 cm signal at yet lowerfrequencies and provide a pathfinder for power spectrum measurements.

philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences/philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences

Transformative Science from the Lunar Farside: Observations of the Dark Ages and Exoplanetary Systems at Low Radio Frequencies