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To demarcate the limits of experimental knowledge we probe the limits of whatmight be called an experiment. By appeal to examples of scientific practicefrom astrophysics and analogue gravity, we demonstrate that the reliability ofknowledge regarding certain phenomena gained from an experiment is notcircumscribed by the manipulability or accessibility of the target phenomena.Rather, the limits of experimental knowledge are set by the extent to whichstrategies for what we call `inductive triangulation' are available: that is,the validation of the mode of inductive reasoning involved in the source-targetinference via appeal to one or more distinct and independent modes of inductivereasoning. When such strategies are able to partially mitigate reasonabledoubt, we can take a theory regarding the phenomena to be well supported byexperiment. When such strategies are able to fully mitigate reasonable doubt,we can take a theory regarding the phenomena to be established by experiment.There are good reasons to expect the next generation of analogue experiments toprovide genuine knowledge of unmanipulable and inaccessible phenomena such thatthe relevant theories can be understood as well supported.

philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences/philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences

On the Limits of Experimental Knowledge