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We establish a general unified formulation which, using the optical theoremof electromagnetic helicity, shows that dichorism is a phenomenon arising inany scattering -or diffraction- process, elastic or not, of chiralelectromagnetic fields by objects either chiral or achiral. It is shown howthis approach paves the way to overcoming well-known limitations of standardcircular dichroism, like its weak signal or the difficulties of using it withmagnetodielectric particles.  Based on the angular spectrum representation of optical fields with onlyright circular or left circular plane waves, we introduce beams with transverseelliptic polarization and posessing a longitudinal component. Then ourformulation for general optical fields shows how to enhance the extinction rateof incident helicity, (and therefore the dichroism signal), versus that ofenergy of the light scattered or emitted by a particle, or viceversa.

philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences/philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences

Chiral optical fields: A unified formulation of helicity scattered from particles and dichroism enhancement