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We propose here to interpret and model peculiar plant morphologies (cushions,tussocks) observed in the Andean altiplano as localized structures. Suchstructures resulting in a patchy, aperiodic aspect of the vegetation cover arehypothesized to self-organize thanks to the interplay between facilitation andcompetition processes occurring at the scale of basic plant componentsbiologically referred to as 'ramets'. (Ramets are often of clonal origin.) Toverify this interpretation, we applied a simple, fairly generic model (oneintegro-differential equation) emphasizing via Gaussian kernels non-localfacilitative and competitive feedbacks of the vegetation biomass density on itsown dynamics. We show that under realistic assumptions and parameter valuesrelating to ramet scale, the model can reproduce some macroscopic features ofthe observed systems of patches and predict values for the inter-patch distancethat match the distances encountered in the reference area (Sajama NationalPark in Bolivia). Prediction of the model can be confronted in the future todata on vegetation patterns along environmental gradients as to anticipate thepossible effect of global change on those vegetation systems experiencingconstraining environmental conditions.

philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences/philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences

Plant clonal morphologies and spatial patterns as self-organized responses to resource-limited environments