English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The overall structure and the fine structure of the solar photosphere outsideactive regions are largely understood, except possibly important roles of aturbulent near-surface dynamo at its bottom, internal gravity waves at its top,and small-scale vorticity. Classical 1D static radiation-escape modelling hasbeen replaced by 3D time-dependent MHD simulations that come closer to reality.  The solar chromosphere, in contrast, remains ill-understood although itspivotal role in coronal mass and energy loading makes it a principal researcharea. Its fine structure defines its overall structure, so that hard-to-observeand hard-to-model small-scale dynamical processes are the key to understanding.However, both chromospheric observation and chromospheric simulation presentlymature towards the required sophistication. The open-field features seem ofgreater interest than the easier-to-see closed-field features.

philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences/philosophical transactions - royal society. mathematical, physical and engineering sciences

The Quiet-Sun Photosphere and Chromosphere