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1.Introduction .—In estimating the mechanical properties of any material, two sets of quantities have to be measured, the elastic moduli and the strength values. Many materials can be regarded as isotropic and homogeneous, and the theory of the testing of such materials is relatively simple. Wood, however, possesses an organic structure which renders it both anisotropic and heterogeneous, and the usual simple theory will only apply to a few cases, such as simple compression, a more complete theory being necessary for the consideration of more complex deformations. In particular, wood is very definitely anisotropic as regards its elastic properties, and the investigation of such problems as the bending and twisting of wooden members requires a theory as to the nature of this elastic anisotropy, not only for finding the elastic deformation, but also, by showing the distribution of stress in such cases, to enable a correct estimate of the strength of the member to be obtained. The mechanical properties (and, in particular, the elastic properties) of wood depend upon its internal structure, and some definite knowledge of the nature of this dependence would appear to form a useful step towards a more complete theory of wood-testing than at present exists.

I. A mathematical discussion on the structure of wood in relation to its elastic properties