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In attempting a series of experiments for determining the rate of conduction of heat through sea and fresh-water ice, I have endeavoured as closely as possible to follow the suggestions made by Professor Tyndall in page 84 of the “Scientific Instructions for the Arctic Expedition.” With this view, I have constructed the simple apparatus shown in the diagram. It consists of a wooden baseboard (F F), 29 inches in length by 9 in breadth, on which are fixed two upright wooden battens (NM), standing 24 inches apart, and connected above by a light crosspiece (0 0 ). In the upright battens, at 4 inches above their bases, are apertures 1 1/4 inches square, for the reception of the bar of ice (AA) on which the experiment is made, while a series of thermometers (DDDD) are placed 4 inches apart, secured above to the crosspiece (OO), and having their bulbs imbedded in the icebar below. For the manufacture of ice-bars I had constructed a strong copper tube, 29 inches long by 1 1/8 inches in sectional area, from which on being filled with water, and exposed to a low temperature, bars of fresh or sea-water ice were obtainable. The removal of these bars from the mould was effected by the application of warm water to the outside of the tube, which, melting the surface of the ice-bar, allowed it to be extracted.

II. Some experiments on conductive properties of ice, made in Discovery Bay, 1875-6