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Species interactions shape predator-prey networks, impacting communitystructure and, potentially, ecological dynamics. It is likely that globalclimatic perturbations that occur over long periods of time have a significantimpact on species interactions patterns. However, observations of how thesepatterns change over time are typically limited to extant communities, which isparticularly problematic for communities with long-lived species. Here weintegrate stable isotope analysis and network theory to reconstruct patterns oftrophic interactions for six independent mammalian communities that inhabitedmammoth steppe environments spanning western Europe to eastern Alaska duringthe Pleistocene. We use a Bayesian mixing model to quantify the proportionalcontribution of prey to the diets of local predators, and assess how thestructure of trophic interactions changed across space and the Last GlacialMaximum (LGM), a global climatic event that severely impacted mammoth steppecommunities. We find that large felids had diets that were more constrainedthan other co-occurring predators, and largely influenced by an increase in{\it Rangifer} abundance after the LGM. Moreover, the structural organizationof Beringian and European communities strongly differed: compared to Europe,species interactions in Beringian communities before the LGM were highlycompartmentalized, or modular. This modularity was lost during the LGM, andpartially recovered after the glacial retreat, and we suggest that changes inmodularity among predators and prey may have been driven by geographicinsularity.

The impact of climate change on the structure of Pleistocene mammoth steppe food webs