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Forces driving the evolution of reproductive isolation among natural populations, as well as the mechan- isms involved to maintain it, are still poorly understood. Because sympatric ¢sh ecotypes mainly di¡er in phenotypic traits associated with occupying distinct trophic niches, it is generally believed that reproduc- tive isolation is mainly driven by ecological divergent selection, excluding genome incompatibility as a basis for postmating isolation. We performed cross experiments between dwarf and normal ecotypes of lake white¢sh (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) originating from distinct glacial refugia to test the hypothesis that their geographical isolation during the Pleistocene may have led to su⁄cient genetic divergence for the development of reproductive isolation between them before their secondary contact. Similar fertilization success in pure and hybrid crosses indicated the absence of gametic incompatibility between the two ecotypes. In contrast, daily embryonic mortality rates were 2.4^4.7 times higher in reciprocal hybrid crosses compared to pure crosses, which supports our working hypothesis. These results, along with previous morphological and population genetic studies, indicate that both genetic and ecological mechan- isms may jointly act to promote speciation among northern freshwater ¢sh ecotypes.

Experimental evidence for reduced hybrid viability between dwarf and normal ecotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill)