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We performed dynamic pressure buckling experiments on defect-seeded sphericalshells made of a common silicone elastomer. Unlike in quasi-static experiments,shells buckled at ostensibly subcritical pressures (i.e. below theexperimentally-determined load at which buckling occurs elastically), oftenfollowing a significant time delay. While emphasizing the close connections toelastic shell buckling, we rely on viscoelasticity to explain our observations.In particular, we demonstrate that the lower critical load may be determinedfrom the material properties, which is rationalized by a simple analogy toelastic spherical shell buckling. We then introduce a model centered onempirical quantities to show that viscoelastic creep deformation lowers thecritical load in the same predictable, quantifiable way that a growing defectwould in an elastic shell. This allows us to capture how both the criticaldeflection and the delay time depend on the applied pressure, materialproperties, and defect geometry. These quantities are straightforward tomeasure in experiments. Thus, our work not only provides intuition forviscoelastic behavior from an elastic shell buckling perspective, but alsooffers an accessible pathway to introduce tunable, time-controlled actuation toexisting mechanical actuators, e.g. pneumatic grippers.

Delayed buckling of spherical shells due to viscoelastic knockdown of the critical load