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The article experimentally reveals and theoretically establishes theinfluence of electric fields on the evaporation kinetics of pendant droplets.It is shown that the evaporation kinetics of saline pendant droplets can beaugmented by the application of an external alternating electric field. Theevaporation behaviour is modulated by an increase in the field strength andfrequency. The classical diffusion driven evaporation model is foundinsufficient in predicting the improved evaporation rates. The change insurface tension due to field constraint is insufficient for explaining theobserved physics. Consequently, the internal hydrodynamics of the droplet isprobed employing particle image velocimetry. It is revealed that the electricfield induces enhanced internal advection, which improves the evaporationrates. A scaled analytical model is proposed to understand the role of internalelectrohydrodynamics, electrothermal and the electrosolutal effects. Stabilitymaps reveal that the advection is caused nearly equally by the electrosolutaland electrothermal effects within the droplet. The model is able to illustratethe influence played by the governing thermal and solutal Marangoni number, theelectro Prandtl and electro Schmidt number, and the associatedElectrohydrodynamic number. The magnitude of the internal circulation can bewell predicted by the proposed model, which validates the proposed mechanism.

Interplay of electro thermo solutal advection and internal electrohydrodynamics governed enhanced evaporation of droplets