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A variational technique is used to derive analytical expressions for thesensitivity of several geometric indicators of flow separation to steadyactuation. Considering the boundary layer flow above a wall-mounted bump, thesix following representative quantities are considered: the locations of theseparation point and reattachment point connected by the separatrix, theseparation angles at these stagnation points, the backflow area and therecirculation area. For each geometric quantity, linear sensitivity analysisallows us to identify regions which are the most sensitive to volume forcingand wall blowing/suction. Validations against full non-linear Navier-Stokescalculations show excellent agreement for small-amplitude control for allconsidered indicators. With very resemblant sensitivity maps, the reattachmentpoint, the backflow and recirculation areas are seen to be easily manipulated.In contrast, the upstream separation point and the separatrix angles are seento remain extremely robust with respect to external steady actuation.

Manipulating flow separation: sensitivity of stagnation points, separatrix angles and recirculation area to steady actuation