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Although both the physical properties of penetrating X-rays and gamma rays and their biological effects have been carefully studied, the mechanism of the action of the rays is little known. The question of the relative effects of the same absorbed energy per cubic centimetre of tissues when different wave-lengths are used is a particularly important and obscure one. The present paper is attempt to apply recent theories of high-speed electron production to this problem. Radiations, such a high voltage X-rays or gamma rays, on suffering real absorption give rise to high speed negative electrons, either in photoelectric absorption whereby nearly the whole of the quantum is transferred to the electron, or in a Compton recoil process in which only part of the energy is transferred. The mean fraction given to the electrons rises gradually as the radiations become more penetrating. The relative importance of these two types of process varies in a complex manner with the wave-length and absorbing materials, but in this paper it is proposed to confine discussion to the absorption of “hard” radiations in light elements, of which living materials are mostly constructed.

The physical basis of the biological effects of high voltage radiations