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We derive a two-layer depth-averaged model of sediment transport andmorphological evolution for application to bedload-dominated problems. The nearbed transport region is represented by the lower (bedload) layer which has anarbitrarily constant, vanishing thickness (of approximately ten times thesediment particle diameter), and whose average sediment concentration is freeto vary. Sediment is allowed to enter the upper layer, and so total load mayalso be simulated, provided that concentrations of suspended sediment remainlow. The model conforms with established theories of bedload, and is validatedsatisfactorily against empirical expressions for sediment transport rates andthe morphodynamic experiment of a migrating mining pit by Lee et al. (1993).Investigation into the effect of a local bed gradient on bedload leads toderivation of an analytical, physically meaningful expression for morphologicaldiffusion induced by a non-zero local bed slope. Incorporation of the proposedmorphological diffusion into a conventional morphodynamic model (defined as acoupling between the shallow water equations, Exner equation and an empiricalformula for bedload) improves model predictions when applied to the evolutionof a mining pit, without the need either to resort to special numericaltreatment of the equations or to use additional tuning parameters.

Quasi-two-layer morphodynamic model for bedload-dominated problems: bed slope-induced morphological diffusion