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A mathematical model is proposed for shape evolution and locomotion of fishepidermal keratocytes on elastic substrates. The model is based onmechanosensing concepts: cells apply contractile forces onto the elasticsubstrate, while cell shape evolution depends locally on the substrate stressgenerated by themselves or external mechanical stimuli acting on the substrate.We use the level set method to study the behavior of the model numerically, andpredict a number of distinct phenomena observed in experiments, such as (i)symmetry breaking from the stationary centrosymmetric to the well-knownsteadily propagating crescent shape, (ii) asymmetric bipedal oscillations andtraveling waves in the lamellipodium leading edge (iii) response to mechanicalstress externally applied to the substrate (tensotaxis), (iv) changingdirection of motion towards an interface with a rigid substrate (durotaxis) and(v) the configuration of substrate wrinkles induced by contractile forcesapplied by the keratocyte.

A Minimal Mechanosensing Model Predicts Keratocyte Evolution on Flexible Substrates