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There is currently limited understanding of the role played by haemodynamicforces on the processes governing vascular development. One of many obstaclesto be overcome is being able to measure those forces, at the requiredresolution level, on vessels only a few micrometres thick. In the currentpaper, we present an in silico method for the computation of the haemodynamicforces experienced by murine retinal vasculature (a widely used vasculardevelopment animal model) beyond what is measurable experimentally. Our resultsshow that it is possible to reconstruct high-resolution three-dimensionalgeometrical models directly from samples of retinal vasculature and that thelattice-Boltzmann algorithm can be used to obtain accurate estimates of thehaemodynamics in these domains. We generate flow models from samples obtainedat postnatal days (P) 5 and 6. Our simulations show important differencesbetween the flow patterns recovered in both cases, including observations ofregression occurring in areas where wall shear stress gradients exist. Wepropose two possible mechanisms to account for the observed increase invelocity and wall shear stress between P5 and P6: i) the measured reduction intypical vessel diameter between both time points, ii) the reduction in networkdensity triggered by the pruning process. The methodology developed herein isapplicable to other biomedical domains where microvasculature can be imaged butexperimental flow measurements are unavailable or difficult to obtain.

Computer simulations reveal complex distribution of haemodynamic forces in a mouse retina model of angiogenesis