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Insects, as vertebrates and humans, use interaural intensity differences (IIDs) between the two ears for sound localization. They are remarkably sensitive for small IIDs of the order of 1-2dB. Here, we investigated, using an independent ear stimulation paradigm, how such small IIDs are reliably encoded in the binaural discharge differences of a prominent pair of interneurons. Starting with an IID of 1dB, these differences are large and significant, with the louder side being more strongly excited. In a comparison of simultaneous responses of left and right interneurons, more than 70 and 90 per cent correct responses occur at IIDs of 1 and 2.5dB, respectively.

Reliable coding of small, behaviourally relevant interaural intensity differences in a pair of interneurons of an insect