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Infections have long been known to complicate care in patients following traumatic injury frequently leading to excess morbidity and mortality.1, 2 In no setting is this more well-recognized than the challenging environment of combat casualty care. During the current military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF), major advances resulting in increased survival among wounded personnel have been observed. These include enhanced training of medics, forward deployment of surgical assets, rapid medical evacuation, and improvements in body armor.3–5 The significant advances leading to survival are coupled with major challenges in care due to the extensive nature of the injuries, profound bone and soft tissue disruption, and extensive wound contamination.6, 7 In addition, the rapid transit of these patients through multiple echelons of medical care places significant obstacles on infection control in an era of increasing risk due to hospital-associated multidrug resistant (MDRO) organisms.8, 9  The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has implemented a range of measures to improve combat casualty care and mitigate risk of infectious complications. A Joint Theater Trauma System and Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) have been developed to benchmark metrics and to provide a timely assessment of performance improvement interventions.5, 10, 11 Efforts to prevent infection include the development of guidelines for the prevention of infection related to combat injuries through comprehensive review of current evidence and consensus review by military and civilian experts in trauma, infectious disease, infection control, preventive medicine, and surgical specialties.12 In addition, standardized infection control measures across echelons of care accompanied by enhanced MDRO surveillance and serial evaluation have also been implemented.13, 14  Despite the growing literature describing infectious complications of combat-related trauma, there is still a lack of prospectively collected standardized infection data that includes specific therapy, microbiological findings and clinical outcomes across treatment facilities. This report describes the initial data and current status of an ongoing 5-year prospective observational cohort study of infectious complications associated with traumatic injury sustained during deployment, the DoD-Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study (TIDOS).

Infection-Associated Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Medical Evacuees After Traumatic Injury: Trauma Infectious Disease Outcome Study