MECHANISMS OF SEPSIS-INDUCED ORGAN DYSFUNCTION AND RECOVERY

Setting the Scene.- Setting the Scene.- The Inflammatory Response.- Genetics and Severe Sepsis.- Cell Signaling Pathways of the Innate Immune System During Acute Inflammation.- Early-Onset Pro-inflammatory Cytokines.- The Significance of HMGB1, a Late-Acting Pro-inflammatory Cytokine.- Nitric Oxide.- Involvement of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury.- Heat Shock Proteins in Inflammation.- Fibrosis in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- Resolution of Inflammation.- The Cellular Immune Respone.- Compartmentalized Activation of Immune Cells During Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction.- The Neutrophil in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.- The Role of the Macrophage.- The Role of the Endothelium.- Differential Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators on Alveolar Epithelial Barrier Function.- Mechanisms and Pathways of Dysfunction.- Macrocirculatory Disturbances.- The Microcirculation Is a Vulnerable Organ in Sepsis.- The Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway: Connecting the Mind and Body.- Coagulation in Sepsis.- The Role of Insulin and Blood Glucose Control.- Dysfunction of the Bioenergetic Pathway.- Metabolic Pathways.- Cell Death and Acute Lung Injury.- Mechanisms of Immunodepression after Central Nervous System Injury.- Organ-specific Mechanisms of Dysfunction.- Pulmonary Dysfunction.- The Gut.- Endogenous Danger Signals in Liver Injury: Role of High Mobility Group Box Protein-1.- Sepsis-induced Acute Renal Failure and Recovery.- Sepsis-Induced Brain Dysfunction.- Myocardial Depression in Sepsis and Septic Shock.- Skeletal Muscle.