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IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells have been found in many types of human cancers and murine models. However, the source of tumor-infiltrating IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in HCC and the prognostic values remain poorly understood.  A total of 57 HCC patients were enrolled in this study, and immunofluorescence double stain was used to evaluate the colocalization of CD3 +  T cells, CD4 +  T cells, CD56 +  NK cells, CD20 +  B cells, CD68 +  Macrophages, and MCT +  mast cells with IL-17. The prognostic value of IL-17-producing cells was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression model.  MCT +  mast cells, but not other cells, were the predominant IL-17-producing cell type. Overall survival analysis revealed that the increasing intratumoral-infiltrated MCT +  mast cells were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Immunofluorescence double stain showed a positive correlation between the number of MCT +  mast cells and MCVs.  These findings indicated the major IL-17-producing cells in HCC were MCT +  mast cells and these cells infiltration may promote tumor progression by angiogenesis. Increased MCT +  mast cells was associated with a poor prognosis, indicating therapy targeting MCT +  mast cells might be an effective strategy in controlling intratumor IL-17 infiltration and MCVs.

Mast Cells Comprise the Major of Interleukin 17-Producing Cells and Predict a Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma