English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The study was performed to elucidate the distribution and cellular localization of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in human kidney and to address localization of downstream targets for COX-derived prostanoids. Cortex and outer and inner medulla tissue were obtained from control kidneys (cancer specimens), kidneys with arterial stenosis, and kidneys of patients who received angiotensin II inhibition or acetylsalicylic acid. Ribonuclease protection assay and Western blot test revealed that COX-1 and -2 mRNA and protein were expressed in all regions of human kidney (mRNA ratio, cortex:outer medulla:inner medulla COX-1 1:3:20 and COX-2 1:1:3). In adult kidney, immunohistochemical labeling for COX-2 was associated with smooth muscle cells in pre- and postglomerular vessels and with endothelium, particularly in vasa recta and medullary capillaries. Western blot test confirmed COX-2 expression in renal artery. COX-2 had a similar localization in fetal kidney and was additionally observed in Henle's loop and macula densa. Human tissue arrays displayed COX-2 labeling of vascular smooth muscle in multiple extrarenal tissues. Vascular COX-2 expression was significantly increased in kidneys with arterial stenosis. COX-1 was colocalized with microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase (PGES) in collecting ducts, and PGES was also detected in macula densa cells. Vascular COX-2 was colocalized with prostaglandin E(2) EP4 receptors but not with EP2 receptors. Thus, renovascular COX-2 expression was a constitutive feature encountered in human kidneys at all ages, whereas COX-2 was seen in macula densa only in fetal kidney. Vascular COX-2 activity in human kidney and extrarenal tissues may support blood flow and affect vascular wall-blood interaction.

Cycloxygenase-2 Is Expressed in Vasculature of Normal and Ischemic Adult Human Kidney and Is Colocalized with Vascular Prostaglandin E2 EP4 Receptors