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Background Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can infect squamous or mucosal epithelia and cause cervical cancer or genital warts. Coinfection with multiple HPV types is a common finding of many epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a vaccine, which can eradicate established HPV infections and prevent other HPV infections. In this study, we generated chimeric virus like particles (cVLPs) composed of HPV‐6b L1, HPV‐6b L2 and one artificial HPV‐16 mE7 proteins. Methods The artificial HPV‐16 mE7 gene was designed by codon modification, point mutation and gene shuffling then chemically synthesized and subcloned behind HPV‐6b L2. HPV‐6b L1 and L2‐mE7 were expressed in insect cells by using Bac‐to‐Bac system. The generated cVLPs were purified by CsCI gradient ultracentrifuge and analyzed by immunoblot, electron microscope and haemagglutination assay. Results The HPV‐6b L1 and L2‐mE7 proteins were well expressed in insect cells and could selfassemble into cVLPs, whose diameter was about 55 nm and similar to that of HPV‐6b L1/L2 VLPs. Intact cVLPs could be recognized by H6.M48 neutralizing monoclonal antibody and HPV‐6b L2 polyclonal antibody, while the denatured cVLPs, but not the intact cVLPs, were reactive to HPV‐16 E7 polyclonal antibody. HPV‐6b L1/L2‐mE7 cVLPs haemagglutinated mouse erythrocytes as efficiently as HPV‐6b L1/L2 VLPs did. Conclusions The insertion of the 158 amino acid HPV‐16 mE7 protein behind L2 did not disrupt the correct assembling of cVLPs. The morphological characteristics and haemagglutinating activity of cVLPs were similar to those of HPV‐6b L1/L2 VLPs. The cVLPs retained conformational B cell epitopes of HPV‐6 VLPs and HPV‐16 mE7 protein had an internal location in the cVLPs. Therefore, large modified E7 protein with higher immunogenicity could be incorporated into cVLPs by fusing to the C‐terminus of L2, which would help to improve the therapeutic effects of L1/L2‐E7 cVLPs.

Encapsidating artificial human papillomavirus-16 mE7 protein in human papillomavirus-6b L1/L2 virus like particles