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The knowledge of the biochemical interior of living cells steadily increases and researchers dig deeper and deeper into the biomolecular world. Now the human genome is sequenced, scientists hope to find novel drug targets once the code is cracked. Analytical techniques like gene expression analysis or cell assays have become standard tools, used in large scale screening for new drugs. The very same technologies are the driving force behind a miniaturization of the laboratories, as parallel screening requires smallest amounts of sample for the single experiments. The resources of many of the precious ingredients are either very limited or prohibitively expensive. In this article, we wish to report a novel way of tackling the need to scale chemical and biological laboratories down to the size of a thumbnail. We describe a technique which uses virtual beakers and channels to confine smallest amounts of liquids to the plane surface of a microchip, and tiny earthquakes (Surface Acoustic Waves, SAW) on this very chip to act as electrically adressable and programmable nanopumps. The combination of both can be viewed as a step towards the realization of a programmable microfluidic processor.

FLAT FLUIDICS: PROGRAMMABLE ON-CHIP NETWORKS FOR BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS