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Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a mucoprotein derived from the red kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, has erythroagglutinating and leukoagglutinating properties and stimulates the small lymphocytes of the peripheral blood to transform into large blast cells.4, 5, 16, 18 When administered parenterally, it can suppress the immune response in animals, if treatment is started several days before the antigenic stimulation.7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 19  To our knowledge 6 studies have been reported concerning the effect of PHA on the survival of skin or renal homografts, with conflicting results.2, 3, 6, 13, 14, 17 Calne and associates2 and Casciani and Cortesini3 treated canine recipients of renal allografts solely with PHA and found a slight immunosuppressive activity; the effect was additive to that of azathioprine if the 2 agents were given together. Two of 4 publications concerned with skin grafts in rodents and rabbits reported no detectable effect of PHA,6,13 but the other 2 claimed slight prolongation of skin viability.15,17  In our laboratory the immunosuppressive qualities of a particular batch of PHA were evaluated by the ability of this agent to blunt humoral antibody formation in rabbits, to suppress the development of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs, and to mitigate the rejection of renal homografts in dogs. In addition the effect of red cell absorption on the biologic activity of PHA was assessed.

Effects of phytohemagglutinin on humoral antibody response, delayed hyper sensitivity, and homograft rejection