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The spinal administration of some N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists results in antinociception and potentiates the effects of opioids and alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists, but ketamine and its enantiomers have not been examined. The present study investigated the interactions of racemic ketamine, R(-)-ketamine and S(+)-ketamine with morphine and with dexmedetomidine.

The Effects of Ketamine and Its Enantiomers on the Morphine- or Dexmedetomidine-induced Antinociception after Intrathecal Administration in Rats