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In the present study, we examined the roles of the matrix metalloproteinases collagenase, 72-kDa and 92-kDa gelatinase, and proteoglycanase in the tissue remodeling that occurs during luteal development and regression, using a pseudopregnant rat model. Pseudopregnancy was induced in immature female rats by eCG/hCG priming, and animals (n = 3 to 4 per time point) were killed on Days 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, or 16 of pseudopregnancy (Day 0 = time of hCG administration). Ovaries were then removed and analyzed for either matrix metalloproteinase mRNA expression or activity. During luteal development (Day 1 of pseudopregnancy), activity of both collagenase (p = 0.009) and gelatinase (p = 0.0003), but not proteoglycanase (p &gt; or = 0.05), was significantly greater than at all other time points. In accord with gelatinase activity, transcript levels of this enzyme were elevated at Day 1 of pseudopregnancy. Specifically, gelatinase transcript levels for the 72-kDa and 92-kDa enzymes were greatest at Day 1 (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.001, respectively), decreased 3-fold by Day 2,4-fold by Day 4, and reached 10-fold lower levels by Days 8 and 12 of pseudopregnancy. Proteoglycanase transcript could not be detected by Northern analysis during luteal development or any other time point examined in the current study. During the period of luteal maintenance (approximately Days 4-8 of pseudopregnancy in the rat), collagenase and gelatinase displayed basal levels of activity, but only proteoglycanase activity was elevated compared to luteal development levels of this enzyme. During luteal regression (Days 12-14 of pseudopregnancy in the rat), all enzymes displayed basal levels of enzyme activity. In accord with gelatinolytic activity during luteal regression, both 72-kDa and 92-kDa gelatinase mRNA were detectable at baseline levels. In contrast to the baseline levels of collagenolytic activity during luteal regression, collagenase transcript displayed peak values (approximately 8-fold greater than Day 1 levels; p = 0.004) at Day 12 of pseudopregnancy. It is concluded from these studies that collagenase and the gelatinases play a role in the tissue remodeling associated with luteal development, proteoglycanase is associated with luteal maintenance, and collagenase may contribute to the structural regression of the corpus luteum.

biology of reproduction

Collagenase, Gelatinase, and Proteoglycanase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression and Activity during Luteal Development, Maintenance, and Regression in the Pseudopregnant Rat Ovary1