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Experiments were conducted on uteri excised from 44 gilts to clarify the autonomic innervation of the longitudinal (LM) and circular muscle (CM) layers of the myometrium. Functionally and biochemically, the two layers differed markedly in their reaction to transmitters. On transmural nerve stimulation (TMS) of isolated LM strips, relaxation was elicited and spontaneous contraction was inhibited in proportion to the electrical frequency imparted. Although the relaxation was accompanied by preliminary contraction in half the LM preparations tested, the relaxation phase predominated in all the LM strips. Relaxation was sensitive to carteolol (beta-blocker) and to guanethidine (adrenergic neuron blocker), whereas the contractile response in LM was sensitive to phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic antagonist). In the CM strips, contraction resulted from TMS, and though not responsive to hexamethonium, the contractions were enhanced by neostigmine and abolished by atropine. The amount of norepinephrine (NE) and the intensity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity were about 2.5 times greater in LM than in CM. Conversely, choline acetyltransferase activity, associated exclusively with cholinergic nerves, was about 8 times more intense in the CM. In line with the TMS responses, alpha-receptor-mediated contractions initiated by NE were enabled exclusively in the LM. Furthermore, beta-receptor-mediated inhibition elicited by isoproterenol was also paramount in the LM. We conclude that there are layer-specific variations in the functional innervation of the myometrium of the nulliparous pig uterus such that CM layer is primarily endowed with cholinergic innervation and the LM layer with adrenergic innervation.

Autonomic Innervation of the Circular and Longitudinal Layers in Swine Myometrium