English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), of the genus Carmovirus, family Tombusviridae, and Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV), of the genus Sobemovirus, family Tombusviridae, are emerging soybean viruses that were first identified in Korea in 2009 and 2011, respectively (2,3). The presence of SYMMV in the United States was also reported in 2009 (1). Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, has been considered one of the most prevalent viruses infecting soybean worldwide, with Korea being no exception (4). During the 2013 growing season, soybean plants showing symptoms suggestive of SYMMV infection were easily detected in soybean fields. Therefore, to determine the current incidence of the above three viruses in Korea, a nationwide survey was performed in 2013. A total of 417 soybean samples showing typical virus symptoms were collected from nine areas cultivated with soybean on a large scale (Fig. 1). To identify viruses from the collected samples, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using specific primers for SMV, SYMMV, or SYCMV as described previously (2,3,4). To confirm the RT-PCR results, PCR products were purified and sequenced. Out of 417 collected samples, only 55 (13.7%), 50 (12%), and 4 (1%) samples were singly infected with SMV, SYMMV, and SYCMV, respectively. The most prevalent infection type was triple infection with SMV, SYMMV, and SYCMV (133 samples; 31.9 %), 121 (29%), and 52 (12.5%) samples were dual-infected with either SMV + SYMMV or SYMMV + SYCMV and no dual infection of SMV and SYCMV was detected. When counted regardless of infection types, 354 (84.9%), 309 (74.1%), and 187 (44.8%) samples were infected with SYMMV, SMV, and SYCMV, respectively, indicating SYMMV was most prevalent in soybean fields in 2013. Interestingly, about 98% of SYCMVinfected samples were mixed infections with SYMMV, suggesting that the dynamics of transmission and infection of the two viruses in soybean fields are highly correlated. The triple infection caused synergistic symptoms, including severe stunting, severe yellowing, and leaf malformation, resulting in significant losses in both yield and seed quality. The rapid spread of SYMMV and SYCMV in Korea suggests an urgent requirement for developing management practices to control the increasing threat of the two viruses in Korea and worldwide.

Severe Outbreak of the Emerging Soybean Viruses in Korea: An Increasing Threat