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Thousand cankers disease (TCD) of walnut is a recently described disease caused by a newly described phytopathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida (5), which has been isolated from walnut species (Juglans californica, J. hindsii, J. major, J. nigra) in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington (5,6). Walnut mortality in those states has been attributed to the fungus and its association with the walnut twig beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis (6,7). The decline and death of walnut trees is the result of repeated attacks by the beetle and concurrent inoculation of phloem and cambium tissues by the fungus. Numerous coalescing cankers girdle the tree, eventually causing death (7). In 2010, TCD was detected for the first time east of the Mississippi River near Knoxville, TN (2). It was found in Virginia (4) and Pennsylvania in 2011 (media release, 12 August 2011, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture), and North Carolina in 2012 (3). Eight adult WTB were caught over a three month period in a trap set by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources at a walnut veneer mill in southwestern Ohio in the fall of 2012. The identity of the beetles was confirmed by the U.S. Forest Service (USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA). The Ohio Department of Agriculture conducted a more intensive trapping survey of Butler Co. in the vicinity of the veneer plant in 2013. This time the beetle catches were in the hundreds to thousands. In early June a residence was identified approximately three miles from the veneer mill with dead and dying black walnut (J. nigra) trees. The trees were exhibiting end stage TCD symptoms including foliage yellowing, canopy thinning, and branch dieback (7), but branch and/or trunk cankers were not readily observed in the field and beetle emergence holes were rarely found (Fig. 1). Ohio Plant Diagnostic Network scientists collected 3-5-cm diameter branch samples having clear transition from living to dead tissue to attempt fungal isolations.

Geosmithia morbida, Thousand Cankers Disease of Black Walnut Pathogen, Was Found for the First Time in Southwestern Ohio