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Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) is a plant pathogen that is responsible for causing disease in many crop, ornamental, and weedy plants throughout the world (2). It is a member of the family Virgaviridae, genus Tobravirus, and contains two positive single-stranded RNAs (1). RNA 1 is the largest strand that contains replicating capabilities, and may occur in nature as a NM-type isolate causing severe plant symptoms without the presence of RNA 2. NM-type isolates are probably not transmitted by TRV’s natural nematode vectors (Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus species) and is less likely to be experimentally sap-transmitted to known indicator test plants. The shorter RNA 2 contain the coat protein gene for complete particle integrity and necessary genes for nematode transmission, and requires the presence of RNA1 for infectivity; RNA1 and RNA2 together are known as M-type isolates. In 2010 and 2011, oak-leaf patterns and ring spots on leaves of bleeding heart [Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. (family Papaveraceae)] plants (Fig. 1) were found in several home gardens in south-central Alaska (Palmer and Wasilla, AK). Bleeding heart is a popular cold-hardy ornamental plant that is grown in Alaskan home gardens as a perennial for its heart-shaped flowers. Since these symptoms were similar for TRV-infected peony plants described in north-central Alaska (3), assays were implemented for definitive virus identification from four symptomatic bleeding heart plants identified as No. 1, 2, -3, and -4.

Molecular Detection of Tobacco rattle virus in Bleeding Heart [Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem.] Growing in Alaska