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Sugar beet seedling rust, caused by the macrocyclic, heteroecious pathogen Puccinia subnitens (syn. P. aristidae), is rare in sugar beet production. Only the pycnial and aecial stages occur on sugar beet, while the other stages infect the alternate host, inland saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) (1). Seedling rust was reported to cause moderate damage to sugar beets in the Rocky Ford area of Colorado in 1912-1913 (4), and since the 1940s periodic severe losses in Colorado spinach production have been attributed to the same pathogen (3). Stands of saltgrass infected with the telial stage of the pathogen were found in close proximity to spinach and sugar beet fields infected with the aecial stage (3,4). Inland saltgrass is a warm-season grass native to arid areas of the western United States. It is commonly found in brackish, marshy areas or highly saline soils (2). The plant is very drought tolerant and thrives in the strongly alkaline soils of western Nebraska. In mid-May 2009, signs of sugar beet seedling rust were found on young sugar beet plants in a field near Bayard, in Morrill Co., NE. Unusually cool and wet weather during April and early May had prevailed throughout the western Nebraska Panhandle. Temperatures during these two months were 13°C cooler with 12 cm higher rainfall than the 30-year average for this area. Rust incidence in the field approached 25% although lesions were restricted primarily to the cotyledons. Puccinia subnitens was identified by the presence of circular, light-yellow pycnial lesions (Fig. 1A), 2 to 5 mm in diameter, containing flask-shaped pycnia (Fig. 2) and yellowish-orange aecia aggregated in rings (Fig. 1B). Aeciospores were globoid with finely verrucose walls that measured 17-22 μm × 15-20 μm (1). The field was monitored 6 times over the entire season and no uredial pustules were observed on plants, effectively ruling out beet rust, a typical macrocyclic, autoecious rust, caused by Uromyces betae, as the cause. The affected sugar beet field was surrounded by stands of inland saltgrass infected with the telial stage of a rust pathogen presumed, but not confirmed, to be P. subnitens.

First Report of Sugar Beet Seedling Rust Caused by Puccinia subnitens in Nebraska