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Bacterial wilt of dry beans, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), has been a sporadic but often serious production problem in dry beans throughout the irrigated High Plains since first being reported from South Dakota in 1922. It was first observed in western Nebraska dry bean production fields in the early-mid 1950s, and continued to be economically important throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. The disease then only periodically appeared in seed, but had little detectable effect on yields after the implementation of crop rotation and seed sanitation practices. Because of the systemic nature of this disease, the pathogen will often color or stain seeds, but not in all situations. This is particularly conspicuous on white seeded cultivars when it does occur. Colony growth and staining of seeds reported for original isolates of Cff were always yellow until orange (3) and purple colored (4) variants were found in western Nebraska. The purple variant maintains a yellow colored colony in culture, but produces an extracellular, bright purple water-soluble pigment that diffuses into growth medium within 2 to 3 days and also discolors seed. The purple variant is very rare, and has only been reported once outside of the western Nebraska Panhandle from cull bean seeds in Alberta, Canada in 2006 (2). The pigment produced by the purple variant is often unstable and inconsistently expressed, which may explain this variant’s lower reported incidence in nature.

A New Color Variant of the Dry Bean Bacterial Wilt Pathogen (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens) Found in Western Nebraska