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Fringed willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum Raf.), also known as American willowherb, American willowweed, and northern willowherb, is a summer annual, ruderal plant that is found in diverse habitats (3). Willowherb grows in natural vegetation areas, pastures, roadsides, and disturbed soils. The plant is also a weed in landscapes and agricultural fields. Because the tufted seeds are readily wind dispersed, the weed can be widely distributed. In 2006 and 2007, a powdery mildew was found on E. ciliatum growing in commercial vegetable fields and greenhouses in the Salinas Valley (Monterey Co.), CA. The fungus was identified as Podosphaera epilobii (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takam. This report is the first documentation of P. epilobii on E. ciliatum in North America. Mycelium was amphigenous, primarily on adaxial leaf surfaces, and also developed extensively on stems. Powdery mildew did not appear to inhibit growth of the plant, and the main symptom on diseased willowherb was slight buckling and twisting of leaves. Compared to diseased willowherb plants found in outdoor fields, powdery mildew growth was more extensive on the willowherb collected from greenhouse environments. Mycelium produced appressoria (Fig. 1) that were indistinct to somewhat papillate. Conidiophores (Fig. 2) produced chains of conidia and formed cylindrical, straight foot cells (Fig. 3) that measured (37-)47.5-84(-86) × 9.5-11.5 μm. Conidia (Fig. 4) were ellipsoidovoid, hyaline, contained fibrosin bodies, and measured (25-)26-31(-32) × (14-) 15-18.5(-19) μm. The teleomorph was not observed.

First Report of Powdery Mildew of Fringed Willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum) Caused by Podosphaera epilobii in North America