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A survey of 13 nurseries growing Rhododendron spp. was conducted in May 2003 to detect the presence of Phytophthora ramorum in North Carolina nurseries as part of the 2003 Sudden Oak Death Pilot National Survey. P. ramorum was not detected in any of the nurseries by either isolation from symptomatic plant pieces on PARP selective medium (5) or by a nested-PCR assay (7). However, P. cactorum, P. citricola, and Phytophthora spp. were recovered. Identification of P. cactorum and P. citricola was based on both morphological characteristics (10) and a RFLP-identification method that utilizes a set of primers, ITS5 and ITS4, to amplify ribosomal DNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (9). Both P. cactorum and P. citricola are known blight and dieback pathogens of rhododendron in the USA and elsewhere (1,3). A third group of 39 isolates from rhododendron at five of the thirteen nurseries surveyed accounted for about 40% of all of the isolates of Phytophthora spp. recovered. Isolates of Phytophthora spp. in the third group all produced non-papillate sporangia with external and internal proliferation after several weeks in culture on cornmeal agar, as well as in a 2% soil extract solution. No oospores were observed in single-isolate cultures of four representative isolates, originally recovered from hybrid rhododendron cvs. Catawbiense Boursault and English Roseum, when grown on cornmeal, V8, or hemp seed agars. Oospores were observed after 10 days on V8 agar when the four isolates were paired with A2 isolates of P. nicotianae. In subsequent pairings with A2 isolates of P. cambivora (done by the first author in the lab of S. N. Jeffers, Clemson University) on amended and clarified V8 agar (4) at 25°C in the dark, typical oogonia with bullate protuberances, amphigynous antheridia and plerotic oospores that averaged 40 μm (s.d. 4.01 μm) were observed (Fig. 1). Consequently, all four isolates were A1 compatibility type and had morphological characters consistent with those of P. cambivora (10).

First Report of Phytophthora cambivora on Hybrid Rhododendron in North Carolina