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Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates from potato currently exist as a complex of six biologically defined strain groups all containing nonrecombinant isolates and at least 14 recombinant minor phylogroups. Recent studies on eight historical UK potato PVY isolates preserved since 1984 found only nonrecombinants. Here, four of five PVY isolates from cultivated potato or wild Solanum spp. collected recently in Australia, Mexico, and the U.S.A. were typed by inoculation to tobacco plants and/or serological testing using monoclonal antibodies. Next, these five modern isolates and four additional historical UK isolates belonging to biological strain groups PVY C , PVY Z , or PVY N  obtained from cultivated potato in 1943 to 1984 were sequenced. None of the nine complete PVY genomes obtained were recombinants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four historical UK isolates were in minor phylogroups PVY C1  (Y C -R), PVY O-O  (Y Z -CM1), PVY NA-N  (Y N -M), or PVY Eu-N  (Y N -RM), Australian isolate Y O -BL2 was in minor phylogroup PVY O-O5 , and both Mexican isolate Y N -Mex43 and U.S.A. isolates Y N -MT12_Oth288, Y N -MT12_Oth295, and Y N -WWAA150131G42 were in minor phylogroup PVY Eu-N . When combined, these new findings and those from the eight historical UK isolates sequenced earlier provide important historical insights concerning the diversity of early PVY populations in Europe and the appearance of recombinants in that part of the world. They and four recent Australian isolates sequenced earlier also provide geographical insights about the geographical distribution and diversity of PVY populations in Australia and North America.

Genetic Diversity of Nine Non-Recombinant Potato virus Y Isolates From Three Biological Strain Groups: Historical and Geographical Insights