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10 Palo verde witches broom disease occurs primarily in the blue palo verde tree 11 Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. Wats, which is native to the southwestern 12 (SW) states of the US and northwestern Mexico. Symptoms of witches broom disease 13 are manifest as dense clusters of short, flexible, thornless branches with stunted leaves, 14 and branch dieback (Figure 1). With the increased popularity of the blue palo verde as a 15 xeriscape tree in the SW-US, the disease has spread widely in both naturally-occurring 16 and in nursery-grown trees, at >50% incidence in nursery-grown trees, alone. Despite 17 the first report of witches broom disease in blue palo verde trees more than 50 years 18 ago (Werner and Olsoen, 1994) the etiology has not been determined. Here, the 19 suspect causal agent of the disease was identified using a genomic pathology20 molecular validation approach. Total RNA was purified from newly developing leaves 21 from symptomatic (n=21) and asymptomatic (n=7) palo verde trees during 2015-2016. 22 RNAseq libraries were constructed from total transcripts and subjected to Illumina Hi23 Page 1 of 5

First Report of an Emaravirus Associated with Witches’ Broom Disease and Eriophyid Mite Infestations of the Blue Palo Verde Tree in Arizona